(EST) Endoscopic Sphincterotomy

Endoscopic sphincterotomy is a medical procedure used to treat certain conditions of the digestive system, particularly those affecting the bile and pancreatic ducts. It is a minimally invasive procedure performed using an endoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light that helps the doctor see inside the digestive tract.

What is Endoscopic Sphincterotomy?

Endoscopic sphincterotomy involves making a small cut in the muscle (sphincter) located at the junction of the bile duct and the small intestine. This procedure is usually done to help remove gallstones, improve drainage, or treat other issues related to the bile or pancreatic ducts. It is often performed as part of an Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Why is Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Needed?

This procedure may be recommended for patients who experience:

  • Gallstones that have passed into the bile duct
  • Blockages in the bile or pancreatic ducts
  • Certain types of infections or inflammation in the bile ducts
  • Narrowing or scarring of the ducts (strictures)

How is the Procedure Performed?

Endoscopic sphincterotomy is typically done under sedation to ensure patient comfort. The doctor guides the endoscope through the mouth, down the esophagus, and into the stomach and small intestine to reach the bile duct opening. A small wire or tool is used to create a small cut in the sphincter muscle, which helps relieve the blockage and allows for better drainage.

What to Expect After the Procedure

Most patients can go home the same day after the procedure. It is normal to feel slight soreness or discomfort, but this usually goes away within a few days. Recovery is generally quick, and complications are rare. However, like any medical procedure, there are some risks, including bleeding, infection, or pancreatitis.

Benefits of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy

  • Minimally invasive with no large incisions
  • Short recovery time
  • Effective relief from ductal blockages and gallstones
  • Can help prevent recurrent pain and complications